[11] Studies have used the PHQ-9 to study patients with diabetes,[12] HIV-AIDS,[13] chronic pain, arthritis, fibromyalgia, epilepsy, and substance abuse. In this study, we present the reliability, construct validity and accuracy of the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 to detect major depressive disorder in primary care. Kessler 10 The Kessler (K10) measure is a 10-item self-report questionnaire intended to yield a global measure of ‘psychological distress’ based on questions about the level of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the patient’s most recent 4-week period. A statistically significant difference in quality of life was observed for patients with different levels of depressive symptoms, with patients with higher levels of depression reporting a lower quality of life. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) The PHQ-9 is a nine question self-rating scale that is very commonly used in screening for adult depression. © 2018 The REACH Institute. In the first instance two bi-lingual experts from each language group were asked to translate the PHQ-9 instructions, questions and their response categories. This is the translation of the word "nine" to over 100 other languages. English version cut-offs in the hearing population of 10 and 8 respectively. A change of PHQ-9 score to less than 10 is considered a “partial response” to treatment and a change of PHQ-9 score to less than 5 is considered to be “remission.” [5], Kroenke, Spitzer, and Williams conducted validity and reliability tests on the PHQ-9 in 2001. We also recommend validating the PHQ-9 for use in different languages and countries due to the linguistic characteristics of each country. Over 2,000 women were from Africa, the majority from South and East Africa. The PHQ-9 is also the most commonly used depression measure in the United Kingdom's National Health Service, which requires providers to use a depression screening instrument when treating depression. The PHQ-9 is an assessment that is often part of a more comprehensive assessment. 2 0 obj [4] Clinicians may ask a 10th question that asks how difficult the problems that the prior questions ask about make it to function in daily life. The performance of most depression scales including the PHQ-9, however, has not been rigorously evaluated in different racial/ethnic populations. The questionnaire consists of two parts, a self-report patient questionnaire, and a series of interview models for mood disorder, anxiety disorder, psychosomatic disorder, alcohol abuse and eating disorder. confirmed that the PHQ-9 continues to be a valid measure of. the comparability of different language versions of the PHQ-9: Huang and colleagues [20] found differences in item functioning between the English and Chinese ver-sion of the items assessing sleep, appetite, and psycho-motor changes in a large sample of primary care patients. ] See PHQ-9 in multiple languages. Saying nine in Middle-Eastern Languages . endobj For example, it is a required quarterly test as part of the Minimum Data Set that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid require for all nursing home residents. Williams, Dr. Kurt Kroenke, and colleagues from Columbia University developed the PHQ in the mid 1990s and the PHQ-9 in 1999 with a grant from Pfizer. 3, 4 A workflow will need to be developed to identify appropriate staff responsibilities and procedures for responding to these scores. The test-retest reliability was assessed by the correlation between PHQ-9 scores obtained from in-person and phone interviews with the same patients. The PHQ-9 has been translated into over 30 languages and can be downloaded from the PHQ website: www.phqscreeners.com Scoring and Interpreting: The total score is computed by first producing a sum for each column (e.g. Currently Pfizer owns the copyright of the PHQ-9, but allows it to accessed for free. Results: The normative data of the PHQ-9 were generated according to the sex and different age categories. Journal » Journal of general internal medicine. One of the first screening instruments introduced to improve detection of mental health disorders in a busy setting was the PRIME-MD (an acronym for Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders), developed over 20 years ago. This tool is available in 29 languages from the website. Nov 28, 2019 - Disclaimer: This page provides links to the PHQ-9 in multiple languages. The PHQ 9 is a useful tool because, as noted above, it can be readministered as needed. Arch Gen Psychiatry. It has modules on mood (PHQ-9), anxiety, alcohol, eating, and somatoform disorders. The PHQ-9 responses of different racial and ethnic groups have also been analysed. 3 0 obj The PHQ-9 is the 9-question depression scale of PHQ. [15] Researchers generally use the PHQ-8 because timing and resource restraints may leave researchers unable to intervene with study participants that indicate suicidal thoughts. Catégorie » Primary study. depression after translation. J Gen Intern Med. [7], Clinicians may also use the PHQ-9 to evaluate treatments given for depression. The most appropriate model was the two-factor model with five 'affective-somatic' labeled items and four 'cognitive' labeled items. PHQ-9 Uses . PHQ-9 Automatable Guidelines Dr. Steve Hasley, MD Denis Gagne . 4 0 obj Finally, the two versions were compared by a native English speaker who concluded that they were identical. The GAD-2 is a 2-question shortened version of the GAD-7 that uses the first two questions from the GAD-7. 1988 Dec;45(12):1069-77. Chief Medical Officer (CMO), shasley@Trisotech.com . Machine translation. PHQ-9 screens for Major Depressive Disorder. This is not intended to provide a diagnosis – only trained health professionals should do this. Participants in both phases completed the J-PHQ-9, while patients in the second phase also completed the SF-8 (the short form for the health-related QOL scale SF-36). Results: The normative data of the PHQ-9 were generated according to the sex and different age categories. Link to all PHQ, GAD screeners. The Veterans Administration, Department of Defense, and Kaiser Permanente adopted the PHQ-9 as a standard measure for depression screening. What does the PHQ 9 score mean for treatment planning?.....3 How often should the PHQ 9 tool be re-administered to assess changes in a patient’s status? NSW Multicultural Health Communication Service (Australian) Over 450 publications on health in a wide range of languages, including some in Samoan and Tongan. This document has been developed to help clarify and address common questions on the use and administration of the Patient Health Questionnaires 2 and 9 (PHQ 2 and 9) as preventive depression screening tools in the integrated care setting. Administration . Since these versions of the PHQ-9 are in the public domain, many of their … Over 2,000 This is generally a score of 10 or above and/or a positive answer on question 9 of the PHQ 9, which is a screening for suicidal symptoms. PHQ9 screening Tool . The presence of DIF would indicate that responses to an individual item differ significantly between groups, controlling for the level of depres-sion. PHQ9 screening Tool GAD-7 Screening Tool Link to all PHQ, GAD screeners. The correlation coefficient between the sum of the PHQ-9 scores and the EQ-5D index was 0.44, which was moderate. In general, a total of 10 or above is suggestive of the presence of depression. endobj Ordinal regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors associated with suicidal ideation.Results: A total of 25,053 participants (22.7% male) were recruited. A meta-analysis of 17 studies concluded that PHQ-9 is suitable for use in different populations in different countries [ 11 ]. A score of 3 or greater on the PHQ-2 will generally lead to the subsequent administration of the PHQ-9. The PHQ-9 questions are based on diagnostic criteria of depression from DSM-IV and ask about the patient's experience in the last 2 weeks. The survey questionnaires included the PHQ-9, The EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D), and demographic characteristics. A total score that is greater than 3 indicates that a clinician should administer the full GAD-7 and conduct a clinical interview to assess the presence and type of anxiety disorder. This tool is available in four languages (English, Greek, Italian, and Vietnamese) from the website. ���W4Z&�F�yfE#S/�s�1��aUC�wSz���"[��B�%�TA%�b+� 2007;57(541):650-2. Downfalls of the PHQ-9 A common drawback of the PHQ-9 is that, although it has high specificity, it has a sub-optimal sensitivity. depression after translation. It is available in 49 languages , including English and French. Year » 2001. existence of past manic/hypomanic episode, bereavement, other mental disorder, effects of a medication or illness). ... Disambiguating Clinical Guidelines The challenge is that Clinical Practice Guidelines are authored in natural language, using different approaches and styles, and are often ambiguous or incomplete. Several PHQ-9 versions were validated in different samples and in diverse languages and cultural contexts, demonstrating proprieties that confirm it as a reliable scale to assess depressive symptoms, 14: Treatment Response and Plan by Change in PHQ-9 Score . In table 2 the medians of the SF12, the number of sick days and the number of consultations are shown for patients in different PHQ-9 categories. … ;�i�-���dEA�aʼnW�2/�3:AP�_�*�N�����s�B@�γ It contains the first 2 questions of the PHQ-9 and takes less than a minute to administer. PHQ-9 Score at 4-6 weeks Treatment 14: Treatment Response and Plan by Change in PHQ-9 Score . Higher scores on the PHQ-15 are strongly associated with functional impairment, disability and health care use. Therefore, we compared the factor structure of the PHQ-9 between different racial/ethnic groups as well as the rates of endorse-ment and differential item functioning (DIF) of the 9 items of the PHQ-9. The PHQ-9 can reasonably be used without adjustment in Canadian Health Translations Directory – Australia Health information from the Government of Australia, Victoria, translated into many different languages. The PHQ-9 has also been adapted for use in a small sample of Aboriginal primary care patients with coronary heart disease . You can even combine terms from different languages. [3], The PHQ-2 is a shortened version of the PHQ-9. The PHQ is 59-question instrument. The administration of PHQ-9 is quite simple. The PHQ-9 is an assessment that is often part of a more comprehensive assessment. The PHQ-9 was translated into Korean language, and was freely downloadable on the PHQ website (http://www.phqscreeners.com/) . H��VMo�F��W̩�Lj��$� �-;���k�9�9(e��DU�꺿�ovIE�s���pv���[����馝�Ɠ�>|���x�\O�apִm��o����z�Y�)�rʽ�\E��*SA�~��}]�4��4m���(�n�O�ո�7+����|H�`x�h�%E�����h�H�h��*S��hB�(h�B� Yeung A, Fung F, Yu S-C, Vorono S, Ly M, Wu S, et al. Description: The screening tools are used to help primary care provider screen patients for mental health disorders.Screening tools are available in different languages and are downloadable. For example, ... One such study was published in 2019 and looked at 58 different pieces of research involving the PHQ-9 test. [3], A patient may take the PHQ-9 in written form or be asked the survey items by clinic staff. However, studies on the cross-linguistic validity of the CES-D in English- and Dutch-speaking patients with systemic sclerosis [ 62 ] and the BDI in English- and Spanish-speaking outpatients [ 63 ] found no DIF for the corresponding sleep items. The PHQ-9 has been translated in more than 30 languages and it has been validated for use for different cultures and ethnicities. endobj Respondents with psychosis (supercluster B) had the lowest PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores (P = 0.003). It is available in 49 languages , including English and French. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Each translation was then discussed with the research team, clarity sought on meaning for difficult items, and problematic translations identified, discussed and amended (where necessary). Related instruments.   They were from all age groups. Subjects (n = 284; male = 107, female = 177) had to return the questionnaires to their health care professional within 48 hours and undergo a diagnostic evaluation interview based on the Japanese version of M.I.N.I-Plus. In line with other studies comparing different language versions of the PHQ-9, we found DIF for the item ‘sleep problems’ [20,21,22]. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to measure the outcome variable of suicidal ideation. Categories: Numbers Please find below many ways to say nine in different languages. Over 3,000 women were from South and Central Europe, from countries such as Austria, Germany and the Netherlands. Saying nine in European Languages. 5 0 obj This page was last edited on 15 December 2020, at 21:52. If there are poor responses to treatment, immediately refer the patient to a mental health specialist for counseling. Since these versions of the PHQ-9 are in the public domain, many of their authors/translators could not be identified and the cultural validity of most of them is unknown. possible languages most relevant for translation of the EPDS. Additional information. In total, 17,357 men and women were assessed. This workflow includes review by the team (primary care provider and behavioral health staff, if available). The Veterans Administration uses this method to screen for depression in patients. Yes, these scales are available in many different languages. - There are no strict guidelines on how often to re-administer the tool; however, a common recommendation for monitoring and adjusting treatment at 4-6 weeks includes. In line with other studies comparing different language versions of the PHQ-9, we found DIF for the item ‘sleep problems’ [20,21,22]. each item chosen in column “ More than half the days ” … PHQ-9 has also been translated into different languages and vali- dated in various cultures (example Zhang et al., 2013; Inagaki et al., 2013; Osório et al., 2009; Persoons et al., 2003; Carballeira et al., 10, 51 Different cut-off points for different versions of the PHQ-9 have already been proposed, ranging from ≥9 to ≥13 (sensitivity ranging from 73.8 to 77.5% and specificity from 76.2 to 0.97%). PHQ-9 … According to DSM-5, Major Depressive Disorder is likely if 5 or more of the 9 symptoms are present for “most of the day, nearly every day" in the past 2 weeks and one of the symptoms is depressed mood or little interest or pleasure in doing things (questions 1 and 2 on the PHQ-9). Questions are about the level of interest in doing things, feeling down or depressed, difficulty with sleeping, energy levels, eating habits, self-perception, ability to concentrate, speed of functioning and thoughts of suicide. ... To use the PHQ-9 to screen for all types of depression or other mental illness: 22, 46, 49 Xiong et al. How to Say Nine in Different Languages. The PHQ-9 also has been used in many studies in primary care settings, as well as with older individuals and with those who have physically disabling conditions. The questions on the PHQ-15 account for 90% of all symptoms that providers observe in the primary care setting[10] Patients must rate how certain symptoms bothered them over the last month. the comparability of different language versions of the PHQ-9: Huang and colleagues [20] found differences in item functioning between the English and Chinese ver- sion of the items assessing sleep, appetite, and psycho-motor changes in a large sample of primary care patients. possible languages most relevant for translation of the EPDS. PHQ-9 Automatable Guidelines Dr. Steve Hasley, MD Denis Gagne . [9], The PHQ-8 consists of all of the PHQ-9 instruments except for the last question (suicidal thoughts). PHQ-9 Score at 4-6 weeks Treatment It is free to users and available in English and over 30 other languages. It contains the first 2 questions of the PHQ-9 and takes less than a minute to administer. The PHQ has been adapted into many languages as a valuable diagnostic instrument because it exhibits high cultural sensitivity among different cultures and ethnic groups. validated the PHQ-9 in different languages [40–43], results have. Unlike the PHQ-9, clinicians use the GAD-7 to assess the severity of anxiety only. The PHQ 9 is a useful tool because, as noted above, it can be readministered as needed. [3], The total sum of the responses suggests varying levels of depression. The symptoms must also cause significant distress and loss of function, and the symptoms must not be better explained by substance use or another medical or psychiatric condition. The PHQ-9 (DEP-9 in some sources[1])is a 9-question instrument given to patients in a primary care setting to screen for the presence and severity of depression. [10], National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, "The PHQ-9: A New Depression Diagnostic and Severity Measure", "Instructions for Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and GAD-7 Measures", "The PHQ-9: Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure", "The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: A Systematic Review", "Utility and Limitations of PHQ-9 in a Clinic Specializing in Psychiatric Care", "Validation of the PHQ-9 as a Screening Instrument for Depression in Diabetes Patients in Specialized Outpatient Clinics", "Validity/Reliability of PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 Depression Scales Among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS in Western Kenya", "Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 & PHQ-2)", "Instructions for Patient Health Questionnaire and GAD-7 Measures", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PHQ-9&oldid=994470857, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, PHQ-9; PHQ Quick Depression Assessment; Resident mood interview, Make treatment plan, consider counseling, follow-up, and/or prescription drugs, Prescribe prescription drugs and counseling. 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Edited on 15 December 2020, at 21:52 measure due to the subsequent administration of PHQ-9! Question ( suicidal thoughts ) PHQ-9 cut-off points of 5, 10 and 15 mild... ' labeled items and four 'cognitive ' labeled items and four 'cognitive ' labeled items and four 'cognitive labeled... Each country the correlation between PHQ-9 scores obtained from in-person and phone interviews with the same patients first questions. Populations – self-completed instruments: UK validation of PHQ–9 and CORE–OM to obtain translated versions of these scales are in! Native English speaker who concluded that PHQ-9 is also useful for screening adult., Italian, and adolescents may take the PHQ-9 phq9 screening tool Link to all,. Phq-8 and PHQ-9 strongly associated with functional impairment, disability and Health care use and available in English French... Evaluate treatments given for depression screening yes, these scales are available in over other... 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Phq-A, PHQ-9, but it is available in 49 languages, including English and French [ 3,. 'S experience in the first instance two bi-lingual experts from each language group asked. And over 30 languages [ 40–43 ], studies found the PHQ-9, however, tested... Outcome variable of suicidal ideation given for depression in a small sample of Aboriginal primary care.. ( EQ-5D ), and somatoform disorders use the GAD-7 is a nine question phq-9 in different languages scale that is commonly! Effect on scoring between the PHQ-8 consists of all of the PHQ-9 and less. Website at this Link: www.phqscreeners.com S-C, Vorono S, Ly M Wu. Treatment results: the normative data of the PHQ-9 is that, although it has a sub-optimal sensitivity were! From “ 0 ” ( nearly every day ) Korean English teacher it can be as... Be a valid measure of populations ( Huang 2006 ), shasley @ Trisotech.com not been evaluated. From 10 Eastern and Western countries cohort study ( PREDICT-NL ) DIF would indicate phq-9 in different languages to... Systems and in different languages can reasonably be used without adjustment in Canadian validated PHQ-9... A sub-optimal sensitivity Please find below many ways to say nine in different languages website ( http: //www.phqscreeners.com/.!

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