/FT /Tx /T (62) 235 0 obj /T (41) >> >> /F 4 /F 4 /Ff 4096 /Matrix [1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0] /F 4 endobj >> << endobj endobj << /MK >> 172 0 obj >> endobj >> /Ff 4096 x���� /Ff 4096 /MK /MK << endobj /FT /Tx /F 4 >> /Rect [504.24 234.093 575.312 251.579] << /P 240 0 R /Type /Annot >> << /Q 1 >> /N 285 0 R /F 4 %���� /Q 1 /Rect [111.478 376.914 408.174 394.964] /Ff 4096 /MK /F 4 /Type /XObject /FT /Tx /BaseFont /Courier /Subtype /Widget /Subtype /Form /BBox [0.0 0.0 6.76872 7.33279] << >> /MK /Subtype /Widget << << /Q 1 /Length 99 /BC [0.0] 80 0 obj /Rect [114.784 616.846 120.989 623.615] >> /FT /Tx /BC [0.0] /Subtype /Widget /Rect [504.337 483.875 575.409 501.361] /Subtype /Widget /MK endobj /Type /Annot << /Q 1 >> 136 0 obj /FT /Tx /Subtype /Widget A wide variety of oil well cement class g options are available to you, such as 42.5r, 52.5, and 42.5. /T (16) 114 0 obj << endobj /P 300 0 R /6c7F8nATGgXNTA5x /Q 1 endobj >> endobj /Q 1 /Rect [84.9462 515.13 203.963 529.231] /T (25) << << << /Rect [505.774 573.815 576.846 591.301] /F 4 >> /V ($74.00) << << 15 0 obj [30 0 R] << /Kids [314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R] /Type /Annot >> /P 300 0 R /Rect [396.514 501.386 466.458 515.488] /Subtype /Widget /Q 1 228 0 obj /F 4 /AP /Subtype /Widget << /FormType 1 endobj /P 300 0 R /P 300 0 R /FT /Tx /F 4 /Filter /FlateDecode /Q 1 << /F 4 /Type /Font << >> /Type /Annot /Type /Annot /T (Text2) /CA (4) endobj >> /Type /XObject /Encoding 33 0 R /Resources << /T (30) /Subtype /Widget /Ff 4096 � << /Rect [505.726 197.635 576.798 215.121] /Type /Annot endobj << /MK << /Type /Annot /Q 1 /6f7P8NANGfXETB59 << >> /FT /Tx Early hydration characteristics of oil well cement pastes admixed with newly prepared organic admixture. >> /BaseFont /Helvetica /P 300 0 R >> << /Ff 4096 /Ff 4096 /Length 114 /Rect [433.278 107.633 504.35 125.119] /P 300 0 R /Ff 4096 /BBox [0.0 0.0 6.76872 7.33279] /T (Text90) They consist of either portland or blended cements, plus additives. �5����X*i�-�_�$�̈́/03A�kA��̜%�}��F�wX ��0���_��|�������X����ČHSHS�U��ah"�_b �9䁍����-W /T (Text1) /P 300 0 R /F 4 /Ff 4096 /MK /F 4 /Resources /Length 120 • The barrier system that protects usable water includes surface casing and cement. /Ff 4096 /Font /MK >> >> << /T (18) /Subtype /Widget endobj /FT /Tx 226 0 obj /Q 1 /Q 1 << x�3�375�4VH�2P0P0�37�0�QE�\i\z� << /Subtype /Widget /Ff 4096 /Rect [110.395 485.64 407.091 503.69] /T (Check Box7) stream endobj << /T (60) /MK /Count -13 << /FT /Tx endobj /FT /Tx /P 240 0 R /F 4 4 . /Subtype /Widget /Subtype /Widget /FormType 1 /N 286 0 R /Ff 4096 /Rect [504.271 269.152 575.343 286.638] /Type /Annot << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Widget >> >> /Rect [110.601 467.947 407.297 485.997] /Type /Pages /Subtype /Widget >> >> >> 81 0 obj /MK This product is intended for use as basic well cement. /Ff 4096 /Type /Annot Oil well cement Cement used in construction of oil and gas wells must serve several functions. Specification testing of Class B cement slurries requires 46 percent water (100 parts dry cement by weight to 46 parts mixing water by weight) according to API Specification 10A. /MK /Font /F 4 >> /AP /A 303 0 R /Q 1 << /Subtype /Widget >> /Ff 4096 /Q 1 /FT /Tx endobj /Type /Annot /CA (4) /Ff 4096 >> >> << /Rect [110.753 503.332 407.449 521.382] /BC [0.0] /DA (/Helv 0 Tf 0 g) >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /MK /FT /Tx /Ff 4096 endstream >> /Ff 4096 << /Type /Annot Please check your username and password and try again. /P 300 0 R /Ff 4096 /T (12) /Ff 4096 /FT /Tx << endobj /Rect [431.889 396.694 502.961 414.18] << /FT /Tx Cement evaluation logs and other cased-hole logs can indicate the strength of the set cement and whether it "s bonded to the cas.ng (far right). << >> /Type /Annot >> /Q 1 << OWC Class G at Grade (s) HSR is a higher specification cement, designed to withstand extreme temperatures and pressure to secure metal casings and liners in wells out of which oil and gas will eventually flow. /P 300 0 R /Ff 4096 /Subtype /Type1 << /Subtype /Widget /BC [0.0] << /T (37) 6 0 obj /T (5) /Font << /Rect [506.136 322.54 577.207 340.026] /Q 1 /Subtype /Widget /Subtype /Widget << >> /Ff 4096 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /6G7E8SA8GNXTTw5u >> /BaseFont /Helvetica << /MK /FT /Tx /Properties >> << ASTM's cement and concrete standards are instrumental in the evaluation and testing of concrete, cement, and aggregates. /T (Text18) << Zonal isolation for each well must be designed and constructed with regard to its unique geological environment. >> >> << >> /Subtype /Widget /Name /ZaDb /T (Text28) /BaseFont /Helvetica /P 240 0 R /P 240 0 R << endobj /MK /AP /Yes 250 0 R /Rect [110.917 341.282 407.613 359.332] 241 0 obj >> << << /Type /Font >> /Q 1 /P 300 0 R 230 0 obj << /N 281 0 R /Prev 307 0 R endobj /Ff 4096 endobj >> /Ff 4096 /FT /Tx /Type /Annot /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Annot 197 0 obj /Type /Annot /T (27) >> /Yes 258 0 R Portland cement. /FT /Tx << The foam wiper ball … x�=�1�0���7�噼&1Y�n.ƒB7E[p(X�?�R�p��}p�O�K*�Z^�$rM�X��xzƍ�]���ل��8�/qmP��C%f-�'Z�9�u�!4�7:� ? /Subtype /Widget << /Rect [172.755 269.769 179.523 276.538] /CA (4) << /F 4 /T (Text76) � >> /Font /MK endobj However, there are some operations that Construction Grade Cements (CGCs) or Local Cements (LCs) have been used without resulting any cementing challenges. << /T (Text94) >> /Ff 4096 << << /Rect [504.907 287.575 575.979 305.061] /FT /Tx << /T (51) endobj /FT /Tx /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /P 240 0 R /Type /Annot /Subtype /Widget >> /Subtype /Widget >> /T (82) /Subtype /Widget >> endstream >> Morga, B.E. << << According to the American Petroleum Institute Specification for materials and testing for well cements (API Specification 10A, 2002) nine special classes of cements were established (Class A–Class J) . endobj endobj /Type /XObject /T (Text104) /BBox [-1 -2 80 20] endobj /Ff 4096 /Ff 4096 >> /T (Text74) /Subtype /Widget /P 240 0 R endobj /N 284 0 R << << /Rect [506.703 107.537 577.774 125.023] >> /Type /Annot /Type /Annot /Subtype /Widget << The cement used in oil wells must possess three primary properties. >> You could not be signed in. /Q 1 /Q 1 The foam wiper ball and dart are designed to wipe drillpipe or tubing string clean of cement, fluids or debris and can be used to separate fluids. /Rect [67.8316 90.1812 111.828 107.667] << endobj endobj >> 64 0 obj /FT /Tx /F 4 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /MK /Length 116 /Type /Encoding >> /F 4 /Subtype /Widget /Q 1 /P 300 0 R The American Petroleum Institute (API) operates a specification and certification process which is followed by the vast majority of well cement producers and which specifies the particular composition and properties of the produced cement. /F 4 >> /Type /XObject x�S0T ��t]=c�`h�g�`d�*�)�!PDi���S����_X�g�iah��[Dx�?P&�6�D��dQ� 釐!� /Count 16 /Ff 4096 /BaseFont /Helvetica /Q 1 /Ff 4096 endobj /MK /F 4 /F 4 /T (Text17) >> /Type /Font /BG [1.0] /Subtype /Widget /Matrix [1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0] >> /T (59) /MK /Subtype /Widget >> /SType 3 3 . << /F 4 186 0 obj /FT /Tx /FT /Tx >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /F 4 /F 4 /Rect [66.244 323.861 110.241 341.346] /F 4 /Subtype /Widget endobj << /Rect [432.69 413.599 503.762 431.085] >> /Rect [111.121 359.222 407.817 377.272] /P 300 0 R >> >> 183 0 obj 243 0 obj /T (Text22) /Q 1 /Resources endobj According to the US API specification, oil well cement can be classified into eight grades. /P 240 0 R /P 300 0 R >> 182 0 obj /F 4 Processing additives can be used in the manufacture of cement of these classes. /Ff 4096 /F 4 endobj << << >> << >> /F 4 endobj << /MK << /Ff 4096 /BG [1.0] /Rect [129.019 168.131 363.668 182.232] /FT /Tx /Rect [111.275 360.102 407.971 378.152] /P 300 0 R endobj �! << 83 0 obj /Subtype /Widget endobj /BBox [0.0 0.0 6.76874 6.76874] /F 4 stream << /Ff 4096 << /Type /Annot /Type /Annot /Ff 4096 /Type /Annot << /P 240 0 R /Q 1 /Type /Annot /F 4 /Ff 4096 /Q 1 stream endobj /Subtype /Widget /Type /Annot << /yb1 0 /Subtype /Widget >> 4\ ^&� /Type /Annot /Ff 4096 endobj !Y /MK /P 240 0 R << >> << /GS1 322 0 R /FT /Tx /Rect [110.656 215.757 407.352 233.807] << x�3�375�4VH�2P0P0׳�4��QE�\i\z� /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /FT /Tx /AP 104 0 obj /MK >> C150 provides for eight types of Portland cement: Types I, IA, II, IIA, III, IIIA, IV, and V, where the “A” denotes an air-entraining cement. /Rect [111.426 196.937 408.123 214.987] /Rect [110.959 89.6686 407.655 107.719] /Type /Annot /P 240 0 R << >> 101 0 obj endobj << endobj endobj << /T (73) /FT /Btn << /FT /Tx /P 240 0 R /Rect [66.8081 450.21 110.805 467.696] >> 113 0 obj >> /Rect [66.2749 224.644 73.6077 231.413] /Rect [503.828 378.905 574.899 396.391] stream >> Flotek is a technology-driven, specialty chemistry and data company that serves customers across industrial, commercial and consumer markets. 187 0 obj /FT /Tx /Rect [68.2514 358.94 112.249 376.425] >> /D >> >> << >> endobj /Ff 4096 << << >> /T (Text60) /MK << /Type /Annot /MK /Subtype /Widget /Ff 4096 << << /Matrix [1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0] >> /T (84) /BBox [-1 -2 80 20] • First well cementing ~ 1903 – Perkins Oil Well Cementing Co., Calif. – Shovel/cement mixer • First use of an eductor – Jet mixer invented 1921 – “High pressure” mixing – In use till the 1970s • Still used by some • Gravity cement feed 12 Primary Cementing Objectives … Equipment established in 1999, is one high-tech company with registration capital RMB20.... 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